The Book of Common Prayer | |||||||
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The Liturgy of Comprehension |
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The kings immediately following the Restoration, Charles II and James II, either had Catholic leanings (Charles), or openly gave allegiance to the Roman Catholic Church (James). Therefore, while they ruled, the idea of toleration was impractical as it would have had to include Catholics, and neither the Church of England nor the Nonconforming Protestants wanted that. So the idea of comprehension gained strength, and several clerics in the Church of England proposed that revisions be made to the Book of Common Prayer acceptable to the Protestant Nonconformists, or at least a significant number of them. Accordingly in 1688 a committee was set up to revise the Prayer Book, which led to a Convocation of the Church in 1689 and the appointing of a formal Commission for that revision. Prominent among the Commission members, and to whom this book may be largely attributed, were Bishop William Lloyd, and Deans Edward Stillingfleet, Symon Patrick, and John Tillotson (pictured at right). However, by the time the Commission had finished, the Glorious Revolution had taken place, overthrowing King James and bringing the firmly Protestant King William and Queen Mary to the throne. This gave new strength to the Nonconformists, who, more so now, desired no part of the Church of England, and just wanted toleration. And now toleration could safely exclude Catholics. So this revision was never submitted to Convocation, much less to Parliament, and was simply dropped. In fact, it was dropped so thoroughly that the very existence of any text of the revision was only a rumor until Parliament finally ordered it printed in 1854 - meaning the details of the revision were unknown to all but the participants until then. The resulting 1854 text as ordered by the House of Commons is online thanks to the Internet Archive and Google Books, and appears in David Grifftihs' Bibliography of the Book of Common Prayer as 1854/1). We also have online the text as ordered by the House of Lords, which appears to be identical except for the title page. These books only show the changes made in 1689, and not the entire text. As one might expect, this revision of the Prayer Book moved the liturgy in a decidedly Protestant direction. There were no wholesale changes, but quite a few significant ones. Some of the changes included:
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The main source used here was a copy of the 1689 book published by Samuel Bagster in 1855 (Griffiths 1855/29) shortly after Parliament ordered the text released. This book is interleaved with the (then-current) 1662 BCP, and for the 1689 text it prints only the differences from 1662. This book is also available from Google Books. The book The Liturgy of Comprehension 1689, by Timothy J. Fawcett (Alcuin Club, 1973; Griffiths 1973/1), was also consulted extensively. The 1662 text used (for where the 1689 did not differ from the 1662) came from text files from the Reformed Episcopal Church, and from a contemporary copy (illustrated above) printed in 1666. This Book was never a completely finished product (and, as noted above, only a single copy survived), so there are areas where the intent of the authors is not completely clear, and others where a final decision was to be left up to Convocation. These are indicated in the text. Notes in the original text are in black type; my own or those from the Bagster reprint are in grey. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first time this book has been printed out in full, including those portions where it did not differ from the 1662 BCP. Finally, it should
also be noted that the opinion expressed in the initial quote above is
by no means universal. |
The Contents of this Book 1. The Act for the
Uniformity of Common Prayer. |
Web author: Charles Wohlers | U. S. England Scotland Ireland Wales Canada World |